BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS
Gary Kaiser

Flash animation showing a motile bacterium contacting a host cell by swimming through the mucus.
Flash animation showing spirochetes using motility to enter and exit blood vessels.
GIF animation showing induction of stomach ulcers by Helicobacter pylori.
Flash animation showing a bacterium using both pili and adhesins to adhere to a host cell.
GIF animation showing bacteria lacking pili being flushed out of the urethra.
GIF animation showing how bacteria with pili may resist being flushed out of the urethra.
Flash animation showing bacteria using invasions to enter a hoist cell
Gif animation of Shigella invading an intestinal mucosal epithelial cell.
Flash animation illustrating the function of endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on phagocytes.
Flash animation summarizing phagocytosis through unenhanced attachment.
Flash animation illustrating the function of enhanced attachment by way of IgG.
Flash animation summarizing phagocytosis through enhanced attachment.
Flash animation illustrating how capsules can block unenhanced attachment of pathogen-associated molecular patterns to endocytic pattern-recognition receptors on phagocytes.
Flash animation showing phagocytosis of an encapsulated bacterium through opsonization.
Flash animation showing an encapsulated bacterium resisting phagocytosis by blocking C3b.
GIF animation showing bacteria depolymerizing actin in order to resist phagocytosis.
GIF animation showing a bacterium resisting phagocytosis by escaping from a phagosome.
GIF animation showing a bacterium resisting phagocytosis by blocking the fusion of a lysosome and a phagosome.
Flash animation of a capillary prior to vasodilation.
Flash animation of vasodilation.
Flash animation showing toll-like receptors responding to lipoteichoic acid(LTA) from the gram-positive cell wall and signaling the synthesis inflammatory cytokines.
Flash animation showing toll-like receptors responding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gram-negative cell wall and signaling the synthesis inflammatory cytokines.
Flash animation showing binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chemokines to neutrophils triggering extracellular killing.
Flash animation showing binding of teichoic acids (TA) and chemokines to neutrophils triggering extracellular killing.
GIF animation of an A-B toxin binding to and penetrating a susceptible host cell.
Flash animation showing neutralization of an exotoxin by antibodies.

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